UNIT ____: Introduction to Biochemistry Name: _____________________

Essential Idea(s):

Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are used to supply and store energy.

IB Assessment Statements

2.1.U1	Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved Define “molecular biology.” Recognize common functional groups. Draw skeletal molecular structures from full structure diagrams
2.1.U2	Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist Outline the number and type of bond carbon can form with other atoms.
2.1.U3	Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids proteins and nucleic acids List the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms.
2.1.U5	Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions Define anabolism, monomer and polymer. Describe condensation (dehydration synthesis) reactions. Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a condensation reaction.
2.1.U6	Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers Define catabolism. Contrast anabolism and catabolism. Describe hydrolysis reactions. Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a hydrolysis reaction.
2.1.S2	Identification of biochemical such as sugars, lipids, or amino acids from molecular drawings. Identify the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms from given diagrams (examples will include D-ribose, alpha glucose, beta glucose, triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids).
D.1.U3	Vitamins are chemically diverse carbon compounds that cannot be synthesized by the body. Define vitamin. Given a molecular diagram of a vitamin, determine if it is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Compare the properties of water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. List two example water soluble vitamins and two example fat soluble vitamins.
D.1.U2	Dietary minerals are essential chemical elements. State the difference between a vitamin and a mineral. List two example essential minerals.

Carbon Chemistry: life is built of carbon

Functional Group

Formula / Sketch

Example

Hydroxyl

Carbonyl

Carboxyl

Amine

Phosphate

Drawing Molecular Structures

In organic chemistry, skeletal formulae are the most abbreviated diagrammatic descriptions of molecules in common use. They look very bare because in skeletal formulae the hydrogen atoms (attached directly to carbons) are removed, leaving just a "carbon skeleton" with functional groups attached to it.Don't be fooled: The hydrogen atoms are present in the molecules but their presence is assumed - rather than drawn or stated - in the case of skeletal formulae.

Full Structure	Chemical Formula	Skeletal Formula

Minerals and Vitamins

Minerals are usually inorganic elements in ionic form; examples include:

sodium (Na+)

potassium (K+)

iodine (I–)

Vitamins are organic compounds made by plants or animals. Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble or water soluble (vitamins B and C). This difference between the two groups is very important. It determines how each vitamin acts within the body.