6.1.S1:  Production of an annotated diagram of the digestive system.

• State the role of the digestive system.

• Draw a diagram of the human digestive system.

• Outline the function of the following digestive system structures:  mouth, esophagus

• stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and large intestine.

D.2.U2:  Exocrine glands secrete to the surface of the body or the lumen of the gut.

• Define alimentary canal.

• Contrast endocrine glands with exocrine glands.

• Label a diagram of an exocrine gland with the following terms:  secretory cells, lumen, duct, secretory vesicles, basement membrane and acinus.

• Discuss the relationship between the structures of an exocrine gland cell and the function of the cell.

• State the name and location of three exocrine glands associated with the alimentary canal.

• State the composition of saliva, gastric juice and pancreatic juice.

D.2.S1:  Identification of exocrine gland cells that secrete digestive juices and villus epithelium cells that absorb digested foods from electron micrographs.

• List three features that can be used to identify exocrine gland cells as viewed in electron micrographs.

Digestive glands notes

Glands and juices handwritten

Review of enzymes for digestion handwritten

Review of glands

Amylase content of saliva lab

D.2.U4:  Acid conditions in the stomach favour some hydrolysis reactions and help to control pathogens in ingested food.

• Outline three roles of acid in the stomach.

D.2.NOS:  Serendipity and scientific discoveries—the role of gastric acid in digestion was established by William Beaumont while observing the process of digestion in an open wound caused by gunshot.

• Describe how William Beaumont was able to determine the role of the stomach in chemical digestion of food.

D.2.U1:  Nervous and hormonal mechanisms control the secretion of digestive juices.

• Describe when the secretion of digestive juices must be controlled.

• State to mechanisms by which secretion of gastric juices is controlled.

D.2.U3:  The volume and content of gastric secretions are controlled by nervous and hormonal mechanisms.

• Using a flow chart or concept map, diagram the interactions between nervous and hormonal mechanisms that regulated the secretion of gastric juices.

WIlliam Beaumont radiolab

A&B:  The Gut Hole Romance podcast

A&B:  The Gruesome Medical Breakthrough of Dr. William Beaumont on Mackinac Island 

Stomach notes

Stomach model

Stomach handwritten 

Control of stomach secretions handwritten

Antacids and protein digestion lab

A&B: Churn baby Churn reading (questions)

Digestion video from nat geo

D.2.A3:  Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of stomach ulcers.

• Define stomach ulcer.

• Outline evidence that suggest Helicobacter pylori infection has a role in stomach ulcer and stomach cancer.

D.2.A1:  The reduction of stomach acid secretion by proton pump inhibitor drugs.

• State the role stomach mucus.

• State the cause of ulcer and acid reflux.

• Outline the role of the H+, K+ -ATPase protein pump in the production of an acidic stomach.

• Outline the use, function and effect of proton pump inhibitors to treat gastric disease.

Stomach ulcers and cancer slides

Ulcers handwritten notes

H. pylori and ulcers case study

A&B: This Podcast will kill you 

6.1.U2:  The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine (amylase, lipase, endopeptidase).

• List the name and substrate of the three major classes of enzymes secreted by the pancreas.

6.1.U3:  Enzymes digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestine.

• List the name, substrate and product of three pancreatic enzymes that hydrolyze food in the small intestine.

• List the name, substrate and product of two enzymes produced by gland cells in the small intestine wall.

• Describe why enzymes produced by gland cells in the small intestine wall often remain immobilized in the cell membrane.

Lipid digestion notes

Digestive enzyme inquiry lab

Digestive enzyme non-inquiry

6.1.U1:  The contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscle of the small intestine mixes the food with enzymes and moves it along the gut.

• Outline the role of peristalsis in the digestive process.

6.1.S2:  Identification of tissue layers in transverse sections of the small intestine viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph.

• Outline the function of the four layers of tissue found in the wall of the small intestine.

• Label the four layers of tissue found in the wall of the small intestine as viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph.

Small intestine structure slides

Cross section handwritten 

Another ileum cross section handwritten

Villus structure handwritten

Single epithelial cell handwritten

Brush border handwritten

Review of villus slides

Villus model

A&B:  the ultimate social network (gut microbiome)

Small intestine structure/function handwritten

6.1.U5:  Villi absorb monomers formed by digestion as well as mineral ions and vitamins.

• Define absorption.

• List materials absorbed by the villi cells of the small intestine.

6.1.U4:  Villi increase the surface area of epithelium over which absorption is carried out.

• List three adaptations that increase the surface area for absorption on the small intestine.

• Draw the villi as viewed in cross section.

• Label the following on a diagram of a villi:  capillary, epithelial cell, lacteal, and goblet cell.

• State the function of the following villi structures: capillary, epithelial cell, lacteal, and goblet cell.

D.2.U5:  The structure of cells of the epithelium of the villi is adapted to the absorption of food.

• Outline the role of the following structures of villi epithelial cells:  tight junctions, microvilli, mitochondria, pinocytic vesicles, proteins imbedded on the apical surface and proteins imbedded on the basal surface.

D.2.S1:  Identification of exocrine gland cells that secrete digestive juices and villus epithelium cells that absorb digested foods from electron micrographs .

• List four features that can be used to identify villus epithelium cell as viewed in electron micrographs.

6.1.U6:  Different methods of membrane transport are required to absorb different nutrients.

• List four methods of membrane transport required to absorb nutrients. 

• Describe the absorption of triglycerides.

• Describe the absorption of glucose.

6.1.A1:  Processes occurring in the small intestine that results in the digestion of starch and transport of the products of digestion to the liver.

• Describe the structure of starch.

• Outline the source, function and specificity of amylase.

• Outline the digestion of maltose, maltotriose and dextrins into glucose.

• Describe absorption of glucose by villus epithelial cells.

• Describe transport of glucose into and through villi capillaries.

6.1.A2:  Use of dialysis tubing to model absorption of digested food in the intestine.

• Explain the use of dialysis tubing as a model for the small intestine.

6.1.NOS:  Use models as representations of the real world-dialysis tubing can be used to model absorption in the intestine.

• Explain the use of models in physiology research.

• State two examples of model systems used to study digestion.

• State limitations of using model systems in physiology research.

Starch digestion handwritten

Modeling starch digestion 

Starch digestion whiteboard

D.2.U7:  Materials not absorbed are egested.

• Define dietary fibre.

• State two examples of dietary fibre.

• Define egestion.

• List materials that are egested from the body.

D.2.U6:  The rate of transit of materials through the large intestine is positively correlated with their fibre content.

• List benefits of fibre in a healthy diet.

• State the relationship between food fibre contents and rate of transit through the large intestine.

D.2.A2:  Dehydration due to cholera toxin.

• Outline the cause and consequences of cholera infection.

• Explain the effect of cholera toxin on intestinal cells.

Egestion handwritten notes

Cholera notes

Let’s talk crap TED talk

A&B:  Turning the Tide Against Cholera 

Digestion review questions

Final knowledge audit

Kahoot review